Podcast transcript
Velvet-Belle Templeman
Welcome to Boardroom.Media. My name is Velvet-Belle Templeman and I'm here talking to Luke Ritchie, National Head of Retail and Consumer Products at Grant Thornton. Luke has over 25 years’ experience in the retail value chain. Today we'll be talking about what we're seeing in essential retail, like supermarkets and pharmacies and what we can expect from both retailers and consumers in the future. Luke, thanks so much for joining us.
Luke Ritchie
Hello Velvet-Belle.
Velvet-Belle Templeman
Hello. Now Luke, in our last podcast we talked about discretionary retailers like homewares and fashion that have experienced a sharp decline in footfall. Essential retailers, on the other hand, are seeing an incredible increase in demand. Luke, can you explain to us why we're seeing such a stark contrast between the two segments?
Luke Ritchie
Well at the most fundamental level, everybody has to eat. Everybody who is unwell or suffers from a condition needs medicine. So these are needs as opposed to wants. Supermarkets and pharmacies just have to remain open to ensure that we can all access what we need to survive. And when we're told to stay home, customers then have surged to fill their pantries and their fridges, haven't they? By contrast though, retail categories like fashion, clothing and footwear, et cetera, are discretionary. That is, they're not essential. The Prime Minister has been very consistent on this point, that shops will remain open for families to purchase essential items, and with everybody at home, selling fashion items becomes almost impossible. So many of those retailers have decided voluntarily to close their doors. In the middle though there's another group, some retailers like Target, Kmart and the Reject Shop who have pivoted heavily towards family essential items like bedding, pyjamas, underwear, cleaning, games.
And of course, online shopping is surging. Kmart’s website has even got an online waiting room that you need to sit in for five or 10 minutes before you can get in there to view products, just to help them manage the demand. So customers will continue to shop strongly, I think, with supermarkets and pharmacy as they settle in for these extended periods of social isolation and against the previous trend, they're also shopping less frequently and buying larger baskets. So they're trying to reduce the number of times that they have to obviously go out from their home and into the supermarket.
There are a couple of non-food businesses also that are exhibiting similar shopping patterns to supermarkets. I visited a Bunning’s store yesterday after doing the groceries for our household and it certainly is still serving large numbers of customers. They were very professionally organised. They had mandated hand sanitisation out the front, separate entry and exit doors, very clear social distancing right through the store. So those essential businesses will continue to be strongly shopped, I think, by customers.
Velvet-Belle Templeman
Now, Luke, I understand you have a background in supermarkets and you still consult with them now. So what's happening behind the roller doors?
Luke Ritchie
Yes, that's right. Well, supermarkets and their suppliers have certainly been struggling to keep up with demand, that's true. Trading had been like Christmas Eve every day for, for weeks up until probably the last week or so. They're now starting to return to manageable levels and key items are starting to come back into stock. Supermarkets very quickly implemented some pretty significant operational changes to ensure the health and safety of both their customers and their team members. So we’ve seen lots of change over the last few weeks and this week more again, there's plexiglass screens being implemented at checkouts right across the country over the last week and continuing to being rolled out now. So that the cashiers will sit behind that protective screen.
At the self-service checkouts team members are wiping down the basket, the terminal and the Eftpos keypad after every transaction. There are clearly marked positions throughout the store obviously, in the checkout queue areas. And from this week we're going to start to see formal queuing out the front of supermarkets to help them manage the numbers of people inside the store at any one time. The allowable numbers vary of course by the physical size of the store, but broadly based on one person per four square metres and that includes the team members as well.
So supermarkets are working incredibly hard to manage this Covid-19 challenge and making sure that both their customers and their team members remain safe. The Coles Chief Operating Officer Matt Swindells, said last week that they're spending, that is, Coles is spending an additional $1 million a week just on cleaning in their stores. So the stores have never been cleaner and they’re taking it incredibly seriously.
The online operations at the supermarkets had been suspended for the past few weeks as those businesses through absolutely everything at getting stock into stores. But online home delivery is now starting to return with a particular focus on elderly and vulnerable customers who are fully isolating at home. Another thing that's happening, probably just starting to happen now, is that Coles and Woolies are rolling out these $80 essential boxes whereby a customer places a single order for an $80 essentials box and that is home delivered to their house using Australia post. It's something we've already seen for the last few weeks in the UK, Europe and the USA.
Essentially it's a box pre prepared with basics like milk, juice, pasta, meat, fish, vegetables that is meat or fish or vegetables, cleaning products and a few other things. And as I said, they're specifically designed for vulnerable customers who are unable to leave their homes during this period. So there's a lot happening across supermarkets.
Velvet-Belle Templeman
There's some fantastic initiatives that you've mentioned there and it seems clear that the more pressing issue is now demand rather than supply. How are essential retailers dealing with this?
Luke Ritchie
Well there’s actually pressure both on supply and demand. Clearly, supply has been squeezed over the last three weeks or so, three or four weeks, although as I said, the major supermarkets and their suppliers are beginning to get back in stock of key staples like milk and pasta and rice. On the demand side, it's now going to be about managing the numbers in the stores to ensure the health and safety of the team and the customers. So as I said, we've got controlled store entries coming now this week to manage numbers inside stores. Another thing that's happening is some supply chain, so upstream from the stores, supply chain innovations. Things that are helping supermarkets improve stock levels. So they're narrowing the product ranges in key areas with fewer brands or differing pack sizes being supplied to allow for greater ability to quickly get stock onto shelves.
So for example, rather than a dozen different types of pasta sauces in different bottles with different brands, we're seeing full pallet loads of a single pasta sauce item being wheeled into stores rather than a store having one litre, two litre and three litre bottles of milk with different brands and what have you, there are full pallet loads of a single two litre item say, or three litre depending on the store. It just makes it a lot easier to plan and manage from distribution centres and warehouses and it keeps more product being available for customers for longer. So fewer brands or sizes, but improved product availability.
Velvet-Belle Templeman
Luke, you mentioned social distancing earlier and social distancing requirements must be difficult for supermarkets to enforce in their warehouses and distribution centres. So how are the supermarkets adapting to keep their essential workers safe and the flow of groceries out the door and on the shelves?
Luke Ritchie
Yeah, that's right. I mean, I've already talked about some of the things happening in the stores themselves. Certainly the reduced numbers from this week is going to be an important innovation. I didn't mention before the community hour that's happening at the start of the day. So for the first hour, from 7:00 ’til 8:00am it's only emergency service workers and elderly customers who are permitted to shop at those times. So they're trying to basically spread the customer demand across the day and make sure that the vulnerable and emergency workers are not disadvantaged by that.
In the warehouses though, further upstream from stores, there’s certainly strongly up weighted cleaning and social distancing policies being implemented there and enforced. Per the Health Department guidelines, they're strictly enforcing the no more than 15 minutes face to face or more than two hours side by side guidelines. The tighter ranges that I mentioned before. So moving around pallet loads of product rather than lots of smaller ticks allows for greater management, I think, of the distancing between workers and a more efficient operation.
Something that's interesting is that there have been calls from a number of unions for an essential workers allowance for all of those front line supermarket workers who are keeping the show on the road. Whilst many other things have stopped in this country and around the world. We're seeing that we have seen that overseas already and we should expect the same sort of thing to happen here. In the US, Walmart, Target, Amazon and others have all raised their hourly wages for workers. In the UK, Marks and Spencer has announced frontline operations will receive a 15% pay rise for the duration of this period. Here in Australia, Costco have just, I think, last week announced a $3 per hour increase for hourly paid workers for them through this period. So the larger chains I know are working on this and we should see something in the coming days from them.
One of the other problems that retailers, particularly overseas, where they're further along than what we are here in Australia is absenteeism is really climbing rapidly at 30 or 40%, in some retailers. So this is going to be almost certainly a challenge for us here in Australia as well. So the call on casual workforces is growing and we’ve seen Coles and Woolies employ maybe 15,000 workers between them in recent weeks. So there's a lot going on to manage all of those social distancing challenges.
Velvet-Belle Templeman
Now Luke, toilet paper, bog roll, loo roll, whatever you want to call it, it’s as rare as hen’s teeth, not too long ago. How are the supermarkets and other essential retailers dealing with hoarders and ensuring that there is enough to go around to vulnerable customer groups and shift workers on the front line?
Luke Ritchie
Yeah, I really don't understand this one. I've been asked it a lot of times. Why was toilet paper the particular item, that customers decided to hoard? I really don't quite get that, but clearly it happened. There are other products though, as well. So supermarkets are beginning to get these things back in stock, but they are maintaining restrictions on the number of products per customer for some of these product categories, things like pasta, flour and rice are some others that are similar. I know with toilet paper there has always been sufficient toilet paper in the supply chain. It was just that the supermarkets couldn't keep up with getting the stock into the back doors of the stores because it was going out the front door so quickly through this really quite weird hoarding behaviour. So the restrictions on those types of products have taken effect though. So we're seeing more readily available toilet paper. In my local Coles yesterday in Caulfield they had plenty of toilet paper, although they were still out of flour and pasta as well. So you know, it's coming back in. Well I know that the restrictions will be maintained for so long as it takes to get those categories fully supplied.
Velvet-Belle Templeman
It does seem to be working. I saw a few different types of pasta in my own supermarket yesterday, so that's good. Do you think there are further restrictions or lockdowns on the horizon and how are the supermarkets preparing for this?
Luke Ritchie
Well look, there has been some positive language of late from the Prime Minister and the Premier in recent briefings. They're talking about the impact of policy settings on the spread of the virus as being encouraging. We're seeing reduced numbers of new infections on a daily basis. So that's positive. However, there's a lot of work to do and we can't get complacent. I think that's going to be the message from here. The Prime Minister is certainly preparing us for an extended period of restrictions. He keeps talking about a six month period as the kind of timeframe that we need to be thinking about. But look, without getting into the likelihood or not of further restrictions essential workers like supermarkets, essential retailers, I should say, like supermarkets have been amazing, I think in how they've responded so quickly to what is quickly becoming our new normal, of a really tightly controlled shopping environment. As you mentioned before, I've worked with supermarkets for 20 years and I know how difficult it is to roll out new store-based projects across large numbers of stores across the nation and Coles and Woolies has completely changed their whole fleets in just a matter of weeks, so I think they're doing an incredible job
Velvet-Belle Templeman
Now, Luke, long-term, once social distancing requirements ease and the economy rebounds. Will we see a change in the way we shop or how the supermarkets operate?
Luke Ritchie
Yes, I think we will, from both consumers and retailers, actually. Firstly, from a consumer's point of view, the increase in online shopping throughout this period of social distancing restrictions is pitching a whole new swathe of customers about the convenience of shopping online, notwithstanding some of the challenges faced by Coles and Woolies of keeping up with demand. We should certainly expect to see, I think, a new higher baseline of online shoppers once this is all finished. So, you know, especially older people who perhaps weren't as technology savvy as others are now understanding that it was actually not as hard as I thought, so I think some of that will continue.
This is actually a bit of a problem for retailers interestingly because whilst online is great for customers, it's a more costly channel for the retailer themselves. Just think about it, that hundred dollar basket of groceries is the same price, whether or not you pick it up in store or whether you have it shipped online. But for the online transaction, the retailer has to bear the cost of someone to go and pick the order. They have to pay a driver to deliver that order to the customer's home. And for groceries, that truck will have to be refrigerated given the number of fresh produce items typically in those grocery orders and delivery times have to be carefully staged in windows so that orders aren't left to spoil on customers' doorsteps, and all this additional cost makes online less profitable for retailers. So at precisely the time that it's increasing, they're having to deal with more cost.
This was already an issue prior to Covid-19 coming along and so that's why retailers are investing in, you know, new automated picking technologies to reduce the cost of some of those picking activities. So really this Covid-19 crisis has just brought forward what was already an existing challenge for them. So that's the consumer side. On the retailer side, I think as supermarkets have responded to these huge demand spikes with rapid replenishment they've been sending larger quantities of single product items to stores to make it, basically to get the product there as quickly as they can. And what that's led to is fewer range of products but larger quantities of the ranges that they are sending.
And so that leads to fuller trucks being loaded in warehouses and received in stores as a full pallet of one pasta sauce is wheeled out onto the floor rather than, you know, different branded and pack sizes being stacked in different shelves. So some of those efficiencies that are being driven through that process are offsetting the very high costs of the increased operations in the stores. So thinking about that, I know as a retailer I would want to maintain some of those supply chain efficiencies after this is all over. I think we'll probably expect to see some targeted range reductions in stores and we might see fewer brands or pack sizes available in certain categories as retailers try to enhance those supply chain efficiencies.
Velvet-Belle Templeman
Some really interesting insights there, Luke, thank you for your time.
Luke Ritchie
It's my pleasure, Velvet-Belle. Thank you.
